International trade: discussing economic news and consequences

B2
90 min
Premium
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Think about these questions before watching. Share your ideas with a partner.

  1. How do you think international trade disputes, like imposing taxes on imported goods, might affect your daily life or the prices of products you buy?
  2. Think about a popular product in your country that is made somewhere else. What are the benefits and drawbacks of your country importing so much of it?
  3. Some people argue that countries should protect their own industries by limiting foreign competition. Others believe in completely open markets. What's your perspective on this?
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Watch the video carefully. Pay attention to the main ideas and key details.

Video script141 segments · click a timestamp to jump

stock down about 7% right now.

We have the analyst behind that

call here to explain. But let's

begin in Washington with the

latest news on the tariff front.

And Meghan Costello has the

details. Meghan, we had heard

things were a little contentious

with the Japanese, which was

supposed to be one of the first

deals announced and now this.

>> Yes. Now this. Kelly, the

president did post overnight on

Truth Social that he would start

sending these letters at noon

today, telling countries what

their exports would face to send

them into the U.S. And now, just

in the last hour, we got the

first of those the president

posted on Truth Social that he

says he sent to the leaders of

Japan and South Korea. Very long

letters here, but some top line

details to get into these would

be 25% tariffs on all Japanese

and South Korean exports into

the U.S, effective on August

1st, on top of any tariffs that

are on that are already in place

or that are forthcoming in terms

of the tariffs. He also said any

retaliation would lead to a

commensurate increase in the

tariff rate, meaning if they

retaliate, he's going to lift

this tariff rate even further.

Trump also said that he would

consider an adjustment if

countries do open their markets.

And that's the key, Kelly, is

that there is no certainty here,

he goes on to say, hinting

further, hinting at further

changes, saying, quote, these

tariffs may be modified upwards

or downwards depending on our

relationship with your country.

So interesting there that while

the markets and investors have

been craving certainty, they're

not exactly getting it with this

letter. And Kelly, the way I

would sort of characterize this,

even though we are seeing market

reaction here, is just to

remember that what this is

essentially doing is kicking

back in the reciprocal rates for

these two countries that were

announced on April 2nd, South

Korea was already seeing 25%.

Japan was at 24%. The white

House has been threatening for

weeks. If they didn't strike a

deal with these countries. We'd

see those rates kick back in on

July 9th. Now, that date changes

to August 1st, but otherwise

everything else pretty much

holds the same. So despite all

the bluster in these letters, we

are seeing them follow through

on that threat just delaying

down the road a little bit

further. Kelly.

>> It was interesting to hear

the Treasury Secretary, Megan,

who also talked about

effectively how with 100

countries that are too small to

really affect the trade deficit

that much, we may not have the

capacity to even do any deals.

And I wonder what that means.

>> Yes, that's going to be

interesting. That's where I

think you'll just see these

blanket tariffs have to take

effect because they there isn't

enough there. There isn't enough

bandwidth to sort of negotiate

deals. And they have said from

the beginning that they're

focused on something like the

top 15 to 18 largest trading

partners. It would be

significant if we suddenly see

huge tariffs imposed on on very

small countries. It's headline

worthy and it doesn't bode well

for certainty and for the path

forward. But I would also say

that outside of the top 15 or 18

markets, we're not getting a ton

coming in from those countries.

But we would still see, you

know, importers having to pay

those tariffs when they do

import goods from whatever the

country might be.

>> Yeah. I mean, you add it all

up. We do seem to be tiptoeing

back to the landscape that was

initially set out for us on

April 2nd. But Megan the

market's up like 15% since then.

>> Yes. That's really

interesting I think is that so

far there's been a lot of

shrugging off of everything that

we've seen so far. And I would

say that's because things aren't

in place yet. We continue to see

these tariffs. And even though

this looks a little bit like an

escalation, that he really means

business, he has set these

letters. They're doing it in

conjunction with delaying the

deadline from July 9th to August

1st. By doing that, they say

it's not kicking the can down

the road any further. Officials

get defensive when you try to

talk to them about that, but it

does allow for more

negotiations. So it means that

even while the market is

reacting today, they probably

have one eye on that

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Answer these questions in your own words. Support your answers with evidence from the video.

01According to the report, what are the main conditions of the new tariffs being imposed on Japan and South Korea?
Sample answerThe video says there will be a 25% tariff on all their exports to the U.S. starting on August 1st. It also mentioned this is an additional tariff on top of any that are already in place, and that the rate could increase if those countries retaliate.
02In what way does the president's announcement create uncertainty for investors and the market?
Sample answerIt creates uncertainty because the president hinted that the tariff rates could go up or down. He said it depends on the 'relationship' with the country and if they open their markets, so there's no fixed plan, which investors don't like.
03What challenge does the U.S. face when dealing with smaller trading partners, and what is the likely outcome for them?
Sample answerThe main challenge is that there are too many small countries to negotiate with individually; they don't have the 'bandwidth.' So, it's likely they will just apply a general 'blanket tariff' to all of them instead of making specific deals.
04Why does the reporter suggest the market has been 'shrugging off' the tariff news, despite the recent announcement?
Sample answerThe reporter thinks it's because the tariffs haven't actually started yet. Even though the announcement sounds serious, the deadline was delayed from July to August. This delay gives more time for negotiations, so investors might believe the tariffs won't actually happen.
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Key vocabulary for discussing trade

Vocabulary
These expressions will help you communicate more naturally and precisely about international trade and its consequences.
To level the playing field — to create a situation where everyone has a fair and equal chance of succeeding.
Usage note: this is a common idiom in business and politics. It's often used to justify policies like tariffs, arguing they make competition fairer.
Trade barrier — a government-imposed restriction on the free international exchange of goods or services.
Usage note: this is a key term. Tariffs (taxes on imports) and quotas (limits on the quantity of imports) are common examples of trade barriers.
Retaliatory measures — actions taken by one country against another that has harmed it, especially in trade.
Usage note: this is a more formal way of saying 'getting back at someone'. Common verbs used with it are 'take', 'impose', or 'face'. For example: 'The government threatened to take retaliatory measures.'
Ripple effect — a situation in which one event causes a series of other, often unintended, events to happen.
Usage note: use this to describe the widespread, indirect consequences of an economic decision. For example: 'The new tariffs had a ripple effect on consumer prices.'
Supply chain disruption — an unexpected problem that interrupts the normal flow of goods and materials from suppliers to consumers.
Usage note: this is a very common term in modern business and economics. Trade disputes are a major cause of supply chain disruption.
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Key collocations for discussing trade

Learn common word pairings used when talking about international trade and economics.

Match each item on the left with the correct item on the right.

Drag or click to match
Definitions
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Grammar: reported speech

Grammar
We use reported speech (or indirect speech) to tell someone what another person said, without using their exact words. It's essential for discussing news and official statements, where we often report on announcements from politicians, analysts, or companies. This usually involves changing verb tenses, pronouns, and time expressions.
The finance minister announced that the new tariffs would be effective on August 1st.
Notice the tense shift. The original statement 'will be' changes to 'would be' in reported speech.
The reporter asked if the government had considered the impact on consumers.
When reporting questions, the word order changes to a normal statement structure (not a question structure).
The trade representative warned that any retaliation could lead to a trade war.
Using specific reporting verbs like 'warned', 'claimed', or 'explained' provides more context than just using 'said'.
  • Verb tenses typically shift one step back in time (e.g., present simple becomes past simple).
  • Remember to change pronouns and time/place expressions to fit the new context (e.g., 'today' becomes 'that day').
  • A common mistake is forgetting to change the word order when reporting a question.
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Correct the mistakes

Read the sentences below about international trade and economics.

Each sentence contains one error. Find and correct it.

01The finance minister told reporters that the new trade deal will be signed the following week.
Corrected version
The finance minister told reporters that the new trade deal will would be signed the following week.
02The government's retaliation measures included higher taxes on imported luxury goods.
Corrected version
The government's retaliation retaliatory measures included higher taxes on imported luxury goods.
03Imposing new tariffs to foreign cars could lead to a trade war.
Corrected version
Imposing new tariffs to on foreign cars could lead to a trade war.
04The ripple effect of the sanctions were felt almost immediately in the global markets.
Corrected version
The ripple effect of the sanctions were was felt almost immediately in the global markets.
05The goal of the agreement is to flat the playing field for small and large businesses alike.
Corrected version
The goal of the agreement is to flat level the playing field for small and large businesses alike.
06The recent supply chain disrupted has caused significant delays for many companies.
Corrected version
The recent supply chain disrupted disruption has caused significant delays for many companies.
07Many economists believe that trade barriering harms both economies involved in the long run.
Corrected version
Many economists believe that trade barriering harms barriers harm both economies involved in the long run.
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Useful phrases: discussing the impact of economic news

Vocabulary
When talking about news related to trade, tariffs, or the economy, you'll often need to share your opinion, agree or disagree with others, and speculate on the consequences. These phrases will help you do that naturally and effectively in a professional or academic setting.
Did you see the latest on the new trade tariffs? — To introduce the topic of recent economic news.
Register: Neutral/Informal. A perfect way to start a conversation with a colleague or classmate. You can easily replace 'trade tariffs' with any other current event (e.g., 'interest rates', 'the stock market report').
From where I'm standing, this is bound to have a significant impact on consumer prices. — To state your opinion or analysis of the consequences.
Register: Neutral. This phrase introduces your perspective in a thoughtful way. 'Bound to' shows you feel very certain about the outcome. You can replace 'consumer prices' with any other affected area.
You've hit the nail on the head. And on top of that, we also have to consider... — To strongly agree with someone's point and add your own related idea.
Register: Informal. The idiom 'hit the nail on the head' means 'you are exactly right'. It's a natural way to show enthusiastic agreement before expanding on the point.
I can see why you'd say that, but I'm not entirely convinced that's the whole picture. — To politely challenge someone's opinion and introduce a counter-argument.
Register: Neutral/Formal. This is a soft way to disagree. It acknowledges the other person's viewpoint first, which is effective in professional or academic discussions.
It's hard to say for sure, but my guess is that we'll see a lot of uncertainty in the markets. — To speculate about future consequences when the outcome is unclear.
Register: Neutral. This phrase shows you are thinking critically but not claiming to have all the answers. It's useful for discussing unpredictable situations like market reactions.
At the end of the day, it all comes down to how businesses react. — To summarize the discussion and identify the most important, fundamental point.
Register: Neutral/Informal. A common way to conclude a line of thought by focusing on what you believe is the core issue. It simplifies a complex topic to its most essential part.
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The consequences of trade tariffs

Read the passage about the effects of international trade policies.

Fill in each blank with the correct word or phrase from the word bank.

Word bank
When a country imposes a tariff, it is creating a significant designed to protect its domestic market. The official goal is often to and give local businesses a fairer chance to compete. However, this can trigger from trading partners, who may impose their own tariffs in response. This escalating conflict can have a widespread , impacting industries far beyond those initially targeted. One major consequence is , which can halt production and increase costs for consumers.
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Discuss these questions with a partner. Try to use vocabulary from the lesson.

  1. Some argue that imposing a `trade barrier` like a tariff is a necessary tool to `level the playing field` in international trade. Others believe it only leads to `retaliatory measures` and hurts everyone. Which perspective do you agree with more, and why?
  2. Can you think of a recent `supply chain disruption` that affected your country? Describe the `ripple effect` it had on prices, the availability of goods, and local businesses.
  3. The video mentions market uncertainty. If you were the CEO of a company that imports products from Japan or South Korea, what strategies would you consider to protect your business from the negative `ripple effect` of these sudden tariffs?